Qaab-dhismeedka iyo naqshadeynta baabuur koronto oo saafi ah ayaa ka duwan kan baabuur dhaqameed oo ku shaqeeya matoor gubasho gudaha ah. Sidoo kale waa injineernimo nidaam oo adag. Waxay u baahan tahay inay isku darto tignoolajiyada baytariga korontada, tignoolajiyada wadista mootada, tignoolajiyada baabuurta iyo aragtida xakamaynta casriga ah si loo gaaro habka xakamaynta ugu habboon. Qorshaha horumarinta ee sayniska iyo tignoolajiyada baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya, waddanku wuxuu sii wadaa inuu u hoggaansamo qaabka R&D ee "saddex toosan iyo saddex jiif", wuxuuna si dheeraad ah u iftiiminayaa cilmi-baarista ku saabsan tignoolajiyada muhiimka ah ee caadiga ah ee "saddex jiif" iyadoo loo eegayo istaraatiijiyadda isbeddelka tignoolajiyada ee "wadista korantada saafiga ah", taas oo ah, cilmi-baarista ku saabsan matoorka wadista iyo nidaamkeeda xakamaynta, baytariga korontada iyo nidaamkeeda maaraynta, iyo nidaamka xakamaynta tareenka korontada. Soo-saare kasta oo weyn wuxuu sameeyaa istaraatiijiyaddiisa horumarinta ganacsiga iyadoo loo eegayo istaraatiijiyadda horumarinta qaranka.
Qoraagu wuxuu kala saaraa teknoolojiyada muhiimka ah ee geeddi-socodka horumarinta tareenka tamarta cusub, isagoo bixinaya saldhig aragtiyeed iyo tixraac loogu talagalay naqshadeynta, tijaabinta, iyo soo saarista tareenka korontada. Qorshuhu wuxuu u qaybsan yahay saddex cutub si loo falanqeeyo teknoolojiyada muhiimka ah ee wadista korontada ee ku jirta tareenka korontada ee baabuurta korontada ee saafiga ah. Maanta, marka hore waxaan soo bandhigi doonnaa mabda'a iyo kala-soocidda teknoolojiyada wadista korontada.
Jaantuska 1 Xiriiriyeyaasha Muhiimka ah ee Horumarinta Tareenka Awoodda
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tignoolajiyada muhiimka ah ee ugu muhiimsan ee awoodda baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya waxaa ka mid ah afarta qaybood ee soo socda:
Jaantuska 2 Tiknoolajiyada Muhiimka ah ee Awoodda Tareenka
Qeexitaanka Nidaamka Matoorka Wadista
Sida ku xusan xaaladda baytariga awoodda gaariga iyo shuruudaha awoodda gaariga, waxay u beddeshaa wax soo saarka tamarta korontada ee qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya ee korontada ku shaqeeya tamarta korontada ku shaqeysa tamarta korontada, tamartana waxaa loo gudbiyaa giraangiraha wadista iyada oo loo marayo qalabka gudbinta, qaybaha tamarta farsamada ee gaarigana waxaa loo beddelaa tamar koronto waxaana dib loogu celiyaa qalabka kaydinta tamarta marka gaariga la bareego. Nidaamka wadista korontada waxaa ka mid ah matoorka, farsamada gudbinta, kontoroolka matoorka iyo qaybaha kale. Naqshadeynta xuduudaha farsamada ee nidaamka wadista tamarta korontada waxaa inta badan ka mid ah awoodda, xoogga, xawaaraha, danabka, saamiga gudbinta ee yaraynta, awoodda sahayda korontada, awoodda wax soo saarka, danabka, hadda, iwm.
1) Xakameeyaha mootada
Waxaa sidoo kale loo yaqaan inverter, waxay beddeshaa gelinta tooska ah ee ay soo geliso bateriga korontada una beddeshaa koronto beddelan. Qaybaha asaasiga ah:
◎ IGBT: badhanka elektaroonigga ah ee korontada, mabda'a: iyada oo loo marayo koontaroolaha, xakamee gacanta buundada IGBT si loo xiro soo noqnoqosho iyo isbeddel taxane ah si loo soo saaro saddex-waji oo koronto beddel ah. Iyada oo la xakameynayo badhanka elektaroonigga ah ee korontada si loo xiro, danabka beddela ayaa la beddeli karaa. Kadib danabka AC waxaa la soo saaraa iyadoo la xakameynayo wareegga shaqada.
◎ Awoodda filimka: shaqada shaandhaynta; dareemaha hadda: ogaanshaha socodka wareegga saddexda weji.
2) Wareegga xakamaynta iyo wadista: guddiga xakamaynta kombiyuutarka, wadista IGBT
Doorka koontaroolaha matoorku waa inuu DC u beddelo AC, helo calaamad kasta, oo uu soo saaro awoodda iyo wareegga u dhigma. Qaybaha asaasiga ah: badhanka elektarooniga ah ee korontada, capacitor-ka filimka, dareemaha hadda, wareegga wadista xakamaynta si loo furo beddello kala duwan, loo sameeyo qulqulo jihooyin kala duwan, loona soo saaro danab beddelan. Sidaa darteed, waxaan u qaybin karnaa hadda beddelan ee sinusoidal leydi. Bedka leydiyada waxaa loo beddelaa danab leh dherer isku mid ah. Dhidibka x wuxuu ogaadaa xakamaynta dhererka isagoo xakameynaya wareegga shaqada, ugu dambayntiina wuxuu ogaadaa beddelka u dhigma ee aagga. Sidan, awoodda DC waxaa lagu xakameyn karaa si loo xiro gacanta buundada IGBT ee soo noqnoqoshada iyo wareegga taxanaha iyada oo loo marayo koontaroolaha si loo soo saaro awood AC saddex-waji ah.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, qaybaha muhiimka ah ee wareegga wadista waxay ku tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta: kapacitors, tuubooyinka IGBT/MOSFET, DSP, jajabyada elektaroonigga ah iyo wareegyada isku dhafan, kuwaas oo si madax-bannaan loo soo saari karo laakiin leh awood daciif ah: wareegyo gaar ah, dareemayaal, isku xireyaal, kuwaas oo si madax-bannaan loo soo saari karo: sahayda korontada, diode-yada, inductors, looxyada wareegga ee lakabka badan leh, fiilooyinka dahaaran, radiators-yada.
3) Matoor: u beddel hadda saddex-waji ah mashiin
◎ Qaab-dhismeedka: daboolka hore iyo kan dambe, qolofka, ulaha iyo boolalku
◎ Wareegga birlabta: xudunta stator, xudunta rotor
◎ Wareeg: wareegga stator-ka, kontaroolaha rotor-ka
4) Qalabka Gudbinta
Qalabka gear-ka ama yareeyaha ayaa xawaaraha wareegga ee matoorku soo saaro u beddela xawaaraha iyo xoogga uu u baahan yahay gaariga oo dhan.
Nooca matoorka wadista
Matoorada wadista waxaa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood oo soo socda. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, matoorada AC induction iyo matoorada magnet synchronous ee joogtada ah waa noocyada ugu badan ee baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee cusub. Markaa waxaan diiradda saareynaa tiknoolajiyada matoorka AC induction iyo matoorka magnet synchronous ee joogtada ah.
| DC Motor | Matoorka Soo-saarista AC | Matoorka Joogtada ah ee Magnet-ka Isku-dhafan | Matoorka Dib-u-Celinta ee La Beddelay | |
| Faa'iidada | Qiimo Hoose, Shuruudaha Hoose ee Nidaamka Xakamaynta | Qiimo jaban, Dabool koronto oo ballaaran, Tiknoolajiyada xakamaynta ee la horumariyey, Kalsooni sare | Cufnaanta Awoodda Sare, Hufnaanta Sare, Cabbir yar | Qaab-dhismeed Fudud, Shuruudaha Hoose ee Nidaamka Xakamaynta |
| Qasaaro | Shuruudaha dayactirka sare, Xawaare hoose, Quwad hoose, cimri gaaban | Meel yar oo wax ku ool ah Cufnaan Awood Hoose | Kharash sare La qabsiga deegaanka oo liita | Isbeddelka wareegga weyn Buuqa shaqada oo sarreeya |
| Codsiga | Gaari koronto oo yar ama yar oo xawaare hoose leh | Gawaarida Ganacsiga Korontada iyo Gawaarida Rakaabka | Gawaarida Ganacsiga Korontada iyo Gawaarida Rakaabka | Gaari awood isku dhafan leh |
1) Matoorka AC Induction Asynchronous
Mabda'a shaqada ee matoorka AC-ga ee aan isku xidhnayn ayaa ah in dabayshu ay dhex marto godka stator-ka iyo rotor-ka: waxaa ku dul yaal xaashi bir ah oo khafiif ah oo leh habayn bir ah oo sare. Korontada saddex-geesoodka ah ayaa dhex mari doonta dabayshu. Sida ku xusan sharciga Faraday ee soo saarista elektromagnetic-ka, waxaa la soo saari doonaa goob bir ah oo wareegaysa, waana sababta rotor-ku u wareego. Saddexda duub ee stator-ka waxaa lagu xiraa muddo 120 darajo ah, qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya ee hadda ku shaqeeyana wuxuu soo saaraa goobo bir ah oo ku wareegsan. Marka korontada saddexda weji ah lagu dabaqo habayntan gaarka ah, goobaha birlabta waxay ku beddeli doonaan jihooyin kala duwan iyadoo la beddelayo hadda isbeddelaya wakhti gaar ah, taasoo soo saaraysa goob birlab ah oo leh xoog wareeg oo isku mid ah. Xawaaraha wareegga ee goobta birlabta waxaa loo yaqaan xawaare isku mid ah. Bal qiyaas in koronto xiran la dhigo gudaha, sida ku xusan sharciga Faraday, sababtoo ah goobta birlabta waa isbeddelaa, Wareeggu wuxuu dareemi doonaa xoogga elektaroonigga, kaas oo soo saari doona hadda wareegga. Xaaladdani waxay la mid tahay wareegga hadda ku jira goobta birlabta, isagoo soo saaraya xoog koronto oo ku yaal wareegga, Huan Jiang-na wuxuu bilaabayaa inuu wareego. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo wax la mid ah qafiska dabagaallaha, hadda saddex-geesoodka ah ee beddela ayaa soo saari doona goob birlab ah oo wareegaysa iyada oo loo marayo stator-ka, haddanna waxaa lagu kicin doonaa baarka qafiska dabagaallaha oo ay gaabinayso giraanta dhammaadka, sidaas darteed rotor-ku wuxuu bilaabaa inuu wareego, waana sababta matoorka loogu yeero matoor soo-saarid. Iyada oo la kaashanayo soo-saarista elektromagnetic halkii si toos ah loogu xidhi lahaa rotor-ka si loo kiciyo koronto, jajabyada birta ee dahaarka leh ayaa lagu buuxiyaa rotor-ka, si birta yar ay u hubiso khasaaraha ugu yar ee hadda ee eddy.
2) Matoorka AC-ga oo isku-dhafan
Rotor-ka matoorka isku-dhafan wuu ka duwan yahay kan matoorka aan isku-dhafanayn. Magnet-ka joogtada ah waxaa lagu rakibay rotor-ka, kaas oo loo qaybin karo nooca dusha sare lagu rakibay iyo nooca ku-meel-gaarka ah. Rotor-ku wuxuu ka samaysan yahay xaashi bir ah oo silikoon ah, magnet-ka joogtada ahna waa la dhexgeliyaa. Stator-ku waxa kale oo uu ku xiran yahay hadda beddelan oo leh farqi weji oo ah 120, kaas oo xakameeya cabbirka iyo wejiga hadda beddelan ee hirarka sine, si goobta magnetic-ga ee uu soo saaro stator-ku ay uga soo horjeeddo tan uu soo saaro rotor-ka, goobta magnetic-gana ay wareegto. Sidan, stator-ka waxaa soo jiita birlab wuxuuna la wareegaa rotor-ka. Wareegga wareegga ka dib waxaa soo saara stator-ka iyo nuugista rotor-ka.
Gunaanad: Wadada matoorka ee baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ayaa asal ahaan noqotay midda ugu muhiimsan, laakiin ma aha mid keli ah laakiin waa mid kala duwan. Nidaam kasta oo wadista matoorku wuxuu leeyahay tusmo dhammaystiran oo u gaar ah. Nidaam kasta waxaa lagu dabaqaa wadista baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya ee hadda jirta. Badankood waa matoorro aan isku mid ahayn iyo matoorro joogto ah oo isku-dhafan oo birlab ah, halka qaarna ay isku dayaan inay beddelaan matoorada diidmada. Waxaa mudan in la tilmaamo in wadista matoorku ay isku darayso tignoolajiyada korontada ku shaqeeya, tignoolajiyada microelectronics, tignoolajiyada dijitaalka ah, tignoolajiyada xakamaynta otomaatiga ah, cilmiga agabka iyo qaybaha kale si ay u muujiyaan rajada codsiga dhammaystiran iyo horumarinta ee noocyo badan. Waa tartan xooggan oo ku jira matoorada baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya. Si loo helo boos baabuurta korontada ee mustaqbalka, dhammaan noocyada matoorada waxay u baahan yihiin inaysan kaliya hagaajin qaab-dhismeedka matoorka, laakiin sidoo kale inay si joogto ah u sahamiyaan dhinacyada caqliga iyo dijitaalka ah ee nidaamka xakamaynta.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-30-2023
